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<p>A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world incorporating factors such as tree density tree height land use legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition forests covered four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world’s land area. Forests are among the most important repositories of terrestrial biological diversity. Together tropical temperate and boreal forests offer very diverse habitats for plants animals and microorganisms. A forest consists of many components that can be broadly divided into two categories that are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. The living parts include trees shrubs vines grasses and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants mosses algae fungi insects mammals birds reptiles amphibians and microorganisms living on the plants and animals and in the soil. This book reflects forestry in a society concerned about our ecosystem and its inhabitants keeping in mind that trees have influenced the progress and welfare of humans in every land throughout the ages.</p>
