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<p><span style="color: rgb(33, 37, 41); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", "Liberation Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; letter-spacing: 0.7px; text-align: justify;">With the exception that the introductory chapters should be read before considering the later chapters in each section the chapters are self-consistent and could be considered in any order. To keep the text to a reasonable length we have had to eliminate some methods such as polarimetry and circular dichroism and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (except for a brief discussion in Chapter 5) as well as suggested experiments. The chapter on chemical analysis of surfaces in the sixth edition has been integrated in part into Chapters 14 and 16 on X-ray methods and mass spectrometry in the seventh edition.</span><br></p>
