The present title "Biomolecules" is a composite subject and for satisfactority expounding it, there is needed to have full competence in both chemistry and biology. It has been written to serve a dual function: first, to make students of various related disciplines of life science aware of certain basic biochemical principle and second, to use these principle to analysis commonly occurring health related problems in terms of their biochemical components. In the text the structure and properties of the major classes of biomolecules have been dealt it simple, lucid and easy understandable language. It deals with and study of the composition, the synthesis compounds found in the living organisms. It encompasses all the chemical reactions carries out by cells. The primary goal has been to provide useful information within the overall framework at appropriate points. The book is eminently suited to the students of biology, and medicine as it provides a good non-mathematical introduction to biomolecules, and at the same time it can be of value to the general students, researches as well as the teachers of the related fields. Book Content of Biomolecules 1. Origin of the Earth 2. Origin of Biomolecules 3. Atoms and Molecules 4. Water 5. Chemical Bonds 6. Cell As A Unit of Life 7. Biomembranes 8. Flow of Energy In A Cell 9. Carbohydrates 10. Lipids 11. Amino Acids 12. Proteins 13. Enzymes 14. Nucleic Acid (DNA) 15. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 16. Biosynthesis of Protein 17. Biosynthesis of Purine and Pyrimidine 18. Amino Acid Metabolism 19. Metabolism of Individual Amino Acids 20. Metabolism of Carbohydrates 21. Metabolism of Lipid 22. Catabolism of Nucleotides 23. Vitamins 24. Hormones 25. Inborn Errors of Metabolism

The present title has been carefully organized and clearly written to attract the interest of students in Cell Biology, Immunology and Environmental Biology at the undergraduate and postgraduate level as well as that of everybody interested in the basic molecular genetics, biochemistry, pharmaceutical science and medicine. The subject matter has been presented in a step by step systematic manner with clear understandable illustrations. Efforts have been made to avoid over burdening the students with information. Many of the omissions are intentional to make the text selective. It is hoped that this book will not only meet the requirement of students but also be useful as a guideline to the teachers in their teaching. Book Content of Cell Biology-Immunology and Environmental Biology  CELL BIOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY 1. Microscopy 2. Plasma Membrane 3. Virginal, Reproduction or Parthenogenesis 4. Cancer 5. Genetics of Immunity 6. Transplantation ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY 7. History, Sub-Division & Scope of Ecology 8. Ecological Niches 9. Abiotic Factors 10. Soil 11. Environmental Factors 12. Light 13. Energy Flow in Ecosystems 14. Population Ecology 15. Ecological Communities 16. Pollution 17. Wildlife Conservation And Its Management PRACTICAL 18. Squash Preparation 19. Salivary Gland Chromosomes 20. Estimation of Chemical Factors 21. Ecological Adaptations

This text presents a broad and fundamental introduction to the study of Cytogenetics. It explains the basic structural and functional organization of chromosomes with the historical development of the concepts of the gene, Sex linkage, Linkage, Crossing over, Chromosomal aberrations and Cytoplasmic inheritance. Specific plants and animals,. Including mammals, are used wherever appropriate as illustrations. Undergraduate students offering a course in Cytogenetics will find this book invaluable as a basic source. It also fills need of graduate students concerned with plants and animal breeding. Book Content of Cytogenetics PART-I THEORY 1. Physical Basic of Inheritance 2. Special Types of Chromosomes 3. Sex Linkage 4. Linkage 5. Crossing Over 6. Chromosomal Aberrations 7. Cytoplasmic Inheritance PART-II PRACTICAL 8. Culturing and Handling of Drosophila 9. Salivary Gland Chromosomes 10. Genetic Problems

This is an exciting time to be a biologist, our knowledge of living system is expanding rapidly and our technologies for research improve daily. The present title concentrates on knowledge that an educated person requires for understanding the excitement of modern biology by finding new ways to make important concepts more understandable and memorable. The present title "Genetic Engineering" which is basically the science manipulating genes has been carefully organized for the purpose. The development of techniques for manipulating genes is based on an understanding of the molecular aspects of genetic processes occurring in nature. Genetic engineering enable us to transcend conventional biological boundaries to create completely novel gene combinations and even new `designer` genes. The aim of this text is to provide readers with thorough understanding of the techniques, which underpin these will be able to apply the techniques of gene manipulation to tackle specific problems or to achieve desired objectives in a wide variety of fields. Genetic engineering gives a concise presentation of the main aspects of transferring genes of animals and plants in the light of the latest ideas and current researchers. It is characterized by the rapidly growing complexity and a bewildering diversity of facts, data, aspects examples and findings. Efforts have been made of acquaint the reader with the current status of the various hypotheses, theories, principles, concepts and rules of genetic engineering with illustrative examples from animals and plants. Contents : 1. Tools in Genetic Engineering 2. Isolation of Nucleic Acids 3. Cutting and Joining DNA Molecules 4. Cloning Vectors 5. Cosmids, Phasmids and Other Advanced Vectors 6. Genomic and cDNA Libraries 7. Finding The Right Clone 8. Others Sorts of Cloning 9. Polymerase Chain Reaction 10. Sequencing and Sequence Analysis 11. Bacterial Cloning 12. Cloning in Fungi 13. Genetic Engineering Yeast 14. Weed Control by Genetically Engineered Fungi 15. Recombinant DNA Vaccines 16. Transgenic Organisms 17. Transgenic Fishes 18. Transgenic Trees 19. Drugs From Plants 20. Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology 21. Medical Application, Present and Future 22. Biotechnology: Applications

The very first thing that a medical practitioner-physician, surgeon, neurologist or one of any branch of medicine, for that purpose-looks at his charge is the element of Immunology-from the very common cold, cough, sore throat, fever right upto the dreadedmost of all-cancer-for developing defense against the invading forces. The first line of treatment is to make the living body immune to the attackers-moulds, fungi, bacteria, viruses, food and drink and a host of them. Of course, literature has hitherto been presented and shall be presented in times to come. Yet this presentation is unique as it imparts information to anyone who seeks to educate the self. It is most useful at all levels, especially to students of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Medicine and Allied Life Sciences-budding Scientists of the morrow to come. Right from the beginning, it delves into matters of IMMUNE SYSTEM; HARMFUL CONSEQUENCES OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY; ASSOCIATED DISEASES; TUMOURS; GRAFT; REJECTION; Book Content of Basic Immunology 1. Historical developments in Immunology 2. Components of Immune system 3. Antigens and Immunogens 4. Antibodies 5. Genetic Organization of Antibody Diversity Antigen-Antibody Reactions 6. Antigen-Antibody Reactions 7. Immune Response-I 8. Immune Response-II 9. Cytokines-The Chemical Mediators of Immune Response 10. Major Histocompatibility Complex 11. Complement System 12. Hypersensitivity 13. Self Tolerance and Autoimmunity 14. Autoimmune Diseases 15. Immunodeficiency Diseases 16. Tumour Immunology 17. Transplantation Immunology 18. Immunity to Infections 19. Immunoprophylaxis 20. Evasion Mechanisms

Plant science is one of the fundamental subjects to begin with. Biotechnology has given it a force to get modified into an applied field known as plant biotechnology. Plant tissue culture is widely used for direct commercial applications as well as value in basic research into cell biology, genetics and biochemistry. Metabolic engineering of plants promises to create new opportunities in agriculture, environmental applications, production of chemicals and even medicine. Therefore, molecular techniques encompassing the use of plants are being focused for the generation of new promising applications in this era. The main aim of this book is to provide students and researchers about the importance and opportunities available in plant biotechnology. Plant biotechnology now allows the transfer of a greater variety of genetic information in a more precise and controlled way. The potential for improving plant productivity and its proper use in agriculture relies largely on newly developed molecular markers. A number of methods have been developed and validated in association with the use of genetically transferred cultures in order to understand the genetics of specific plant traits. Such relevant methods can be used to determine the markers that are retained in genetically manipulated organisms and to determine the elimination of marker genes. These techniques enable the selection of successful genotypes, better isolation and cloning of favourable traits, and the creation of transgenic organisms of importance to agriculture and industry. The book describes the basic aspects of plant biotechnology and IPR. The impact of biotechnology on crop improvement is introduced with the help of suitable examples. The book format is designed in order to help the reader to grasp and understand the complexity of plant biotechnology. The aim of this book is to serve as a comprehensive plant biotechnology textbook as well as a wide-ranging reference book and impart high value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and research scholars. Contents - 1. Mapping Populations and their Applications 2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Types and Applications 3. Molecular Markers for Crop Improvement 4. Applications of RAPD and ISSR Markers in Plant Genome Analysis 5. Usefulness of Microsatellite as Molecular Markers 6. Plant Breeder's Right 7. Plant Tissue Culture: History and Basic Principle 8. Plant Breeding: Haploid Culture and Production 9. Antinutritional Factors in Pulses and their Diversity 10. Basic Techniques of DNA Analysis

General Enzymology is a comprehensive text that can be used by students and teachers of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Biotechnology and Medical Laboratory Technology. The text has easy, understandable language and covers almost all topics on enzymes, that are a part of cirricula of most Indian Universities. A large number of diagrammatic illustrations make the understanding of text easy. Points have been summarized with the help of table wherever necessary. About 50 terms and definitions commonly used in relation to enzymes have been included. The chapter on enzyme kinetics is simple enough to be understood by novices from non-mathematical backgrounds. The industrial and diagnostic applications of enzymes have been appropriately discussed. An exclusive addition is in the form of a chapter in enzymes from extreme environments. An updated list of enzymes with EC numbers has been also included in the book. Contents : 1. Enzyme Biology 2. Enzyme Isolation and Purification 3. Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes 4. Structural Components of Enzymes 5. Enzyme Kinetics 6. Enzyme Action Mechanisms 7. Coenzymes and Cofactors 8. Enzyme Regulation 9. Isoenzymes 10. Enzyme Technology 11. Enzyme from Extreme Environments

This text book provides a comprehensive coverage of the Diagnostic Bacterial Genomics with detailed discussion on Pathogenic Islands, Genotyping and nature of Markers in Diagnostic Bacteriology, Bacterial Genome Projects (BGPs), MDR Bacteria Genome Editing (GE), Horizontal Gene Transfer (hgt), Codon Bias and GC Skew. The book caters to the need of a wide array of audience engaged in conducting advance research and teaching in the field of Medical Microbiology in leading research and teaching institutes including University Departments, Medical College and Hospitals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, specialised Research Institutes like the Indian Council of Medical Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories and Regional Research Laboratories and similar institutions across countries. This book is unique as it fulfils the gap of non availability of a comprehensive book of the kind that virtually discusses all the advance techniques of Medical Microbiology in a single go. Students of Post Graduate level and of M.Phil. and Ph.D., B.Pharma, and M.Pharma, will find this book extremely useful. Key Features - - Systematic and comprehensive analysis of the concept and applications of Bacterial Genomics of medical importance. - Pictorial presentations of the mechanism of actions used in bacterial genomics. - Lucid language for effective comprehension of the idea and techniques. - Indication for practical application. Contents - 1. Pathogenicity - Islands (PAI) 2. Genotyping and Molecular Markers in Diagnostic Bacteriology 3. Bacterial Genome Projects (BGP) 4. MDR Bacteria Genome Editing 5. Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) 6. Codon Bias and GC Skew

This book is an introduction to cell biology, and is designed primarily for undergraduate students. It is not, however, an elementary book, and presupposes knowledge of biology up to High School level. The inclusion of greater detail than is usually found in texts of undergraduate level is delierate. Book Content of Cell Biology 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PROTEINS 3. CARBOHYDRATES 4. LIPIDS 5. THE NUCLEUS 6. CHROMOSOMES: GENERAL ACCOUNT 7. VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE 8. MODIFICATION OF CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE 9. STRUCTURE OF DNA 10. REPLICATION OF DNA 11. RIBOSE NUCIEIC ACID(RNA) 12. GENES 13. GENE MUTATION 14. THE CELL MEMBRANE 15. CELL WALL 16. THE GOLGI COMPLEX 17. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND ANNULATE LAMELLAE 18. RIBOSOMES 19. PROTEINS SYNTHESIS 20. REGUALTION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 21. THE GENETIC CODE 22. MITHOCHONDRIA 23. CELL RESPIRATION 24. PLASTIDS 25. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 26. LYSOSOMES AND MICROBODIES 27. FILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES 28. CENTRIOLES AND BASAO BODIES 29. CILIA AND FLAGELLA 30. ENZYMES, ISOZYMES AND COENZYMES 31. MITOSIS 32. MEIOSIS 33. FERTILIZATION 34. PARTHENOGENESIS 35. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 36. BACTERIA 37. VIRUSES 38. CYTOLOGY CANCER

Essentials of Cytology is an introductory text on cell structure and function designed specifically for undergraduate students. The study of the cell has today assumed an important part of subjects like Botany, Zoology, Microbiology and Biochemistry. A knowledge of the structure and function of the cell is also required for the applied biological sciences like medicine, agriculture and veterinary science. The present book attempts to give an integrated account of the structure of the cell, both at microscopic and molecular levels, and its physiology. The layout of the chapters and the choice of topics have been designed to meet the needs of undergraduate students of Indian universities. Students interested in greater detail are advised to study the companion volume, Cell Biology, by the same author. Contents - 1. Introduction 2. Protoplasm 3. Nucleus 4. Chromosomes 5. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) 6. Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA) 7. Genes and Gene Mutation 8. Cell Membrane and Cell Wall 9. Endoplasmic Recticulum and Annulate Lamellae 10. The Golgi Complex 11. Ribosomes 12. Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code 13. Mitochondria 14. Cell Respiration 15. Plastids 16. Photosynthesis 17. Lysosomes and Microbodies 18. Filaments and Microtubules, Centrioles and Basal Bodies, Cillia and Flagella 19. Mitosis 20. Meiosis 21. Fertilization 22. Parthenogenesis